ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the relationship among lottery buying behaviors,risk attitudes and lottery re-lated cognitive distortions,in order to propose suggestions about the intervention of problem lottery players and the healthy development of the lottery.Methods:Totally 228 lottery players (120 males,108 females;150 unmarried,78 married)sampled from Jinan were asked to fill out the Questionnaire of Lottery Buying Behavior (LBB),Domain Specific Risk-Taking Scale (DOSPERT)and Lottery Related Cognitive Distortions Scale (LRCD).Correlation a-nalysis and path analysis were used to analyze the data.Results:The scores of irrational behavior of LBB were posi-tively correlated with the DOSPERT total scores and its factor scores of recreation and gambling,and positively cor-related with the LRCD total scores and its factor scores except optimistic (r=0.17 -0.34,Ps<0.01 ).While the scores of rational behavior of LBB were negatively correlated with DOSPERT total scores and factor scores of rec-reation and gambling,and negatively correlated with LRCD total scores and its factor scores of illusion of control, illusory correlation,over optimistic and gamblers'fallacy (r=-0.18 --0.37,Ps<0.01 ).Path analysis showed that lottery related cognitive distortions had complete mediating effect between risk attitudes and irrational behaviorsof buying lotteries.Lottery related cognitive distortions partially mediate the relationship between risk attitudes and rational behaviors of buying lotteries.Conclusion:It suggests that the higher risk attitudes the lottery players hold, the greater cognitive distortions they will have,which in turn the irrational behaviors of buying lotteries might easily to have.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the methods of anesthesia,infusion and the skill of removing urinary calculus for the treatment of uretemlith stones using ureterescope air pressure path lithoclasty.Methods Six hundred and ninety ureterolith stone patients using ureterescope air pressure path lithoclasty,383 patients were anesthetized by single sacro-anesthesia,and the diclofenac sodium suppositories were added in 312 cases to strengthen the anesthesia effeets.Antegrade perfusion with furosemide in the operation was used.Results Broken the stones in orthophoria were successful in 645 patients.the total success rate Was 93.5%and the total rate of removing urinary calculus was 93.8%.Conclusions Ureteroscope air pressure path lithoclasty is high efficiency,safety and easy manipulation.It is a satinfactory method for the treatment of ureterolith stones,and the correct method of anesthesia and infusion perfect skill of removing urinary calculus can improve the rate of removing urinary calculus and decrease the costs.
ABSTRACT
Trans-cranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is the process that excitable human brain tissue is activated with the electric field induced from a changing magnetic field. Magnetic focusing characteristic is one of the most important technical considerations of coil design in TMS. In this paper, a half solenoid coil was proposed to be used in TMS and the magnitude profile of the induced electric fields in different depth was studied based on the induced electric field theory of magnetic stimulating coil. The magnitude profile of the induced electric fields produced by half solenoid coils was compared with that of butterfly-shaped coils. The result shows that half solenoid coils retain the good focusing characteristics of the main lobe of the butterfly-shaped coils. At the same time side effect of the side lobes on notargeted tissue is mitigated, which would otherwise lead to undesirable stimulation. Hence magnetic focusing is optimized, which is expected to give a more accurate delivery of the focal point for more effective stimulation.